Table of Secondary Mirror Sizes for Visual Newtonian Telescopes

Copyright 2007, Michael E. Lockwood

IMPORTANT:  This document and the secondary sizes shown here are meant for visual telescopes under normal usage, not for fully illuminating sensors or film for imaging telescopes, and not for careful estimation of the brightness of variable stars.  If you are designing a Newtonian for visual use, though, read on!

ALSO:  This document is a bit outdated, though the secondary size calculations are still valid.  I have changed my opinion regarding secondary offset, as I mention below.


UPDATE, 2019:

In my opinion, you shouldn't use the smallest secondary mirror that you can get away with.  If you undersize the secondary or size it to only fully illuminate the very center of the field, then you are:

 1) using the part of the secondary that is most likely to have a defect,
 2) using the part of the secondary that might roll off due to cooling, and
 3) using the part of the secondary that is often left out of the interferometric analysis due to edge effects and also because it can lower the P-V measured, and
 4) forcing yourself into very precise placement of the secondary in order to get something close to a fully and symmetrically illuminated field (in other words, making it very hard on yourself for very little gain).

My most commonly used method to size secondaries for most telescopes is simple:
  Add 4" to half the mirror's diameter to get the intercept distance, then divide by f/#.  Then go up one flat size if the calculation yields a size that is close to a standard flat size.

So, for a 16" f/4, we have 8"+4" = 12", 12"/4 = 3".

3.1" cuts it too close, so I would go up to 3.5".  
At 3.4" - 3.5", go up to 4.0".  (For imaging, you may need an even larger secondary, and more careful calculations may be necessary.)

The 4" added to half the mirror's diameter allows the use of a filter slide underneath a properly place SIPS or Paracorr 2, for which the focal plane is 88mm (3.46") above the bottom lens (see article here).  The extra 0.54" allows a filter slide to be squeezed in beneath the SIPS or Paracorr 2 while keeping it out of the cylinder of direct light.

Try this calculation on various commercial Newtonians and you'll find that some have secondaries that are too small!


It amazes me how often choosing the size of a Newtonian secondary mirror becomes a long, drawn out, even stressful process!

The telescope maker often goes back and forth between a very small size, barely large enough to illuminate the very center spot of the field, and one that is a bit larger, trying to decide if the few percent of extra central obstruction is worth it.  Countless conversations and threads and messages online have been devoted to the topic.  In the interest of saving bandwidth and saving telescope makers much worry and indecision and lost time, here are my thoughs on sizing a secondary mirror (after building or having a hand in building.more than 30 telescopes).

1)  For general use, aim to fully illuminate a 0.5" diameter field.  That literally means that the light from the entire primary will reach a 0.5" diameter circle placed at the focal plane, and thus all objects imaged in it will be fully illuminated.  This also means that the edge of the secondary and the bevel will not be used when viewing small bright objects on axis (in the center of the field), such as planets.  Planets require good optics, and the edge of a secondary mirror is often rolled off, and there is a special risk on dielectric-coated secondaries, as the coating itself can stress the glass.
    Also, the bevel on the mirror can have some aluminum on it, and this is very effective at causing ghost images and scattered light.  Additionally, the bevel is included in the optical diameter, so some surface is lost to it, and some secondary holders cover the very outer part of the seconary in order to retain the mirror in the holder, so that area is lost too.  The lost area means an effectively smaller secondary than the quoted size.
    A 0.5"-diameter field will provide enough light to illuminate most eyepieces.  The widest field eyepieces have field stops that are larger than this, but in short focal ratio telescopes the falloff in brightness near the edge of the field will be difficult to see.  In longer focal ratio telescopes the falloff may be noticeable in the widest field eyepieces.
    For strictly planetary use or very high magnification lunar viewing, you have the option to choose 0.25" size or slightly smaller.  Vignetting may be especially noticeable when using low-magnification, wide field eyepieces in a telescope with a high focal ratio.  But, by choosing a small diagonal, you're deciding that the telescope is not for wide-field viewing.  Make sure your secondary size is at absolute minimum 1/8" larger than the size for a 0.00" field, and 1/4" to 1/2" larger for large fast telescopes.  A 0.00" field only fully illuminates a star at the very center of the field, and the lip that retains the secondary and blocks part of its surface may cause you to not get light from the outer part of the primary mirror.  Also, secondaries can have rolled edges too, so it is smart to oversize them by a bit.

2)  If you can notice a 3% change in the central obstruction (secondary mirror diameter / primary mirror diameter * 100), then you are either crazy or a far better observer than I am!  So, I recommend choosing the slightly larger secondary if there is any question as to whether your secondary is large enough, especially if you have decided to only try to fully illuminate a small part of the field (~0.1").  With this small field, the mechanical centering error of the secondary may put it outside the cone of light from the primary.  Give yourself some wiggle room!

3)  Where do you put the focal plane so your eyepieces focus?  I like to place it ~0.6" (edited) above the top of the fully racked-in focuser.  Depending on your eyepieces, you might adjust this slightly, but it works for me.  This allows in-travel for a Paracorr and possibly a barlow lens.  So, the variable d2 below is the distance from the center of the secondary mirror (center of the telescope tube) to the focal plane, which is just above the racked-in focuser.

Below is a large table of secondary mirror sizes computed for various sizes and focal ratios of primary mirrors from 6" to 48" in diameter, and for a number of distances from the center of the secondary mirror to the focal plane (d2).  In addition, I have listed the size required for a 0.00", 0.25", and 0.50" diameter fully illuminated field (FIF) at the focal plane.  The 0.00" size is included to indicate the minimum secondary size required to get all of the light that your telescope captures to the center of the focal plane.  Using a secondary smaller than this results in stopping down your telescope, so don't do it unless the edge of your primary is known to be bad.  That is the one and only case in which undersizing the secondary can improve image quality noticeably (assuming the edge of the secondary is good!).  However, if you have a quality primary mirror and secondary, undersizing will cost you resolution and will increase the percentage of central obstruction in the telescope.

To use this table, simply scroll until you see your primary mirror diameter, then scroll a little until you find the a focal ratio that is close to what you have.  You should know the secondary-focal plane distance (d2) already, so find the column that most closely matches your value of d2, but erring on the higher side.  Then choose which size fully illuminated field you want by selecting one of the three rows of values.  Voila, you have a suggested secondary size.  If there is a standard secondary size just under that (by 0.1", for example), you are probably safe choosing it, especially if you overestimated your d2 value.  Just make sure it's a bit larger than the size required for the 0.00" diameter field.  Choosing a slightly larger secondary is always safe, and that is what the smart telescope maker will do to make sure he/she doesn't lose any photons!

Secondary Offset

I now recommend offsetting the secondary mirror in fast telescopes.  See my "Why Aren't My Stars Round" article for a procedure for collimation using a star that will not be affected by the de-centered shadow of the offset secondary.

For uniform illumination for imaging applications, you may wish to decenter the secondary mirror and move it closer to the primary.  Before you ask, this table was computed assuming the secondary is offset the proper amount to intercept the incoming light cone.  This is necessary because one "end" of the secondary is closer to the primary mirror than the other, and because the light cone is larger closer to the primary, the mirror must be offset away from the focuser to catch that part of the cone, and downward in the tube to maintain the alignment of the optical axis with the focuser and primary mirror.  For many telescopes the secondary is oversized enough to require no offset to illuminate much of the field, and the asymmetric illumination cannot be perceived under normal observing circumstances.  For imaging, though (and possibly for perfectionists), this is important.  The offset of the secondary mirror away from the focuser (and downward in the tube) is given below.

          Offset = (primary diameter - fully illuminated field diameter) * secondary diameter / focal length / 4    =    (D - FIF) * Sd / FL / 4

For example, for a 16" F/4 with a 3.1" secondary and a 0.5" diameter FIF, this is  (16-0.5)*3.1 / 64 / 4 = 0.1877", which is very close to 3/16".  So, in order to achieve this, the secondary is moved 3/16" away from the focuser and 3/16" downward in the tube.  This is equivalent to sliding the secondary mirror along the plane defined by its surface.  In this manner, the collimation of the focuser and primary mirror are unaffected.  (Yes, by doing this we illuminate slightly less field than indicated, because the secondary is moved toward the primary.  I am choosing to ignore this small effect.)

If you do not wish to offset your secondary (if you don't care like me or the spider holes are already drilled) and you care about fully illuminating a portion of the field, then calculate its offset, look up the size of the secondary for a 0.00" illuminated field, and add twice the amount of the offset to that secondary size.  That is a good approximation of the minimum size of the secondary (centered in the optical tube, not offset) that will fully illuminate the very center spot of the field.  We are simply making the secondary larger rather than offsetting it.  The rest of the field will be unevenly illuminated.  If you want a 0.5" fully illuminated field, then look up that secondary size and add twice the offset.

Happy secondary sizing!

Back to my home page....

Secondary minor axis dimension as a function of primary diameter, primary focal ratio,
secondary-focal plane distance (d2), and fully illuminated field (FIF)


  6.00" F/ 4.00, d2 =  4.00"     5.00"     6.00"     7.00"     8.00"     9.00" 
   FIF = 0.00":        1.00"     1.25"     1.50"     1.75"     2.00"     2.25" 
   FIF = 0.25":        1.21"     1.45"     1.69"     1.93"     2.17"     2.41" 
   FIF = 0.50":        1.42"     1.65"     1.88"     2.10"     2.33"     2.56" 

  6.00" F/ 4.50, d2 =  4.00"     5.00"     6.00"     7.00"     8.00"     9.00"   
   FIF = 0.00":        0.89"     1.11"     1.33"     1.56"     1.78"     2.00" 
   FIF = 0.25":        1.10"     1.31"     1.53"     1.74"     1.95"     2.17" 
   FIF = 0.50":        1.31"     1.52"     1.72"     1.93"     2.13"     2.33" 

  6.00" F/ 5.00, d2 =  4.00"     5.00"     6.00"     7.00"     8.00"     9.00"   
   FIF = 0.00":        0.80"     1.00"     1.20"     1.40"     1.60"     1.80" 
   FIF = 0.25":        1.02"     1.21"     1.40"     1.59"     1.78"     1.97" 
   FIF = 0.50":        1.23"     1.42"     1.60"     1.78"     1.97"     2.15" 

  6.00" F/ 5.50, d2 =  4.00"     5.00"     6.00"     7.00"     8.00"     9.00"   
   FIF = 0.00":        0.73"     0.91"     1.09"     1.27"     1.45"     1.64" 
   FIF = 0.25":        0.95"     1.12"     1.30"     1.47"     1.64"     1.82" 
   FIF = 0.50":        1.17"     1.33"     1.50"     1.67"     1.83"     2.00" 

  6.00" F/ 6.00, d2 =  4.00"     5.00"     6.00"     7.00"     8.00"     9.00"   
   FIF = 0.00":        0.67"     0.83"     1.00"     1.17"     1.33"     1.50" 
   FIF = 0.25":        0.89"     1.05"     1.21"     1.37"     1.53"     1.69" 
   FIF = 0.50":        1.11"     1.26"     1.42"     1.57"     1.72"     1.88" 

  6.00" F/ 7.00, d2 =  4.00"     5.00"     6.00"     7.00"     8.00"     9.00"   
   FIF = 0.00":        0.57"     0.71"     0.86"     1.00"     1.14"     1.29" 
   FIF = 0.25":        0.80"     0.93"     1.07"     1.21"     1.35"     1.48" 
   FIF = 0.50":        1.02"     1.15"     1.29"     1.42"     1.55"     1.68" 

  6.00" F/ 8.00, d2 =  4.00"     5.00"     6.00"     7.00"     8.00"     9.00"   
   FIF = 0.00":        0.50"     0.63"     0.75"     0.88"     1.00"     1.13" 
   FIF = 0.25":        0.73"     0.85"     0.97"     1.09"     1.21"     1.33" 
   FIF = 0.50":        0.96"     1.07"     1.19"     1.30"     1.42"     1.53" 

  6.00" F/10.00, d2 =  4.00"     5.00"     6.00"     7.00"     8.00"     9.00"   
   FIF = 0.00":        0.40"     0.50"     0.60"     0.70"     0.80"     0.90" 
   FIF = 0.25":        0.63"     0.73"     0.82"     0.92"     1.02"     1.11" 
   FIF = 0.50":        0.87"     0.96"     1.05"     1.14"     1.23"     1.33" 

  6.00" F/12.00, d2 =  4.00"     5.00"     6.00"     7.00"     8.00"     9.00"   
   FIF = 0.00":        0.33"     0.42"     0.50"     0.58"     0.67"     0.75" 
   FIF = 0.25":        0.57"     0.65"     0.73"     0.81"     0.89"     0.97" 
   FIF = 0.50":        0.81"     0.88"     0.96"     1.03"     1.11"     1.19" 

  8.00" F/ 4.00, d2 =  5.00"     6.00"     7.00"     8.00"     9.00"    10.00"   
   FIF = 0.00":        1.25"     1.50"     1.75"     2.00"     2.25"     2.50" 
   FIF = 0.25":        1.46"     1.70"     1.95"     2.19"     2.43"     2.67" 
   FIF = 0.50":        1.67"     1.91"     2.14"     2.38"     2.61"     2.84" 

  8.00" F/ 4.50, d2 =  5.00"     6.00"     7.00"     8.00"     9.00"    10.00"   
   FIF = 0.00":        1.11"     1.33"     1.56"     1.78"     2.00"     2.22" 
   FIF = 0.25":        1.33"     1.54"     1.76"     1.97"     2.19"     2.40" 
   FIF = 0.50":        1.54"     1.75"     1.96"     2.17"     2.38"     2.58" 

  8.00" F/ 5.00, d2 =  5.00"     6.00"     7.00"     8.00"     9.00"    10.00"   
   FIF = 0.00":        1.00"     1.20"     1.40"     1.60"     1.80"     2.00" 
   FIF = 0.25":        1.22"     1.41"     1.61"     1.80"     1.99"     2.19" 
   FIF = 0.50":        1.44"     1.63"     1.81"     2.00"     2.19"     2.38" 

  8.00" F/ 5.50, d2 =  5.00"     6.00"     7.00"     8.00"     9.00"    10.00"   
   FIF = 0.00":        0.91"     1.09"     1.27"     1.45"     1.64"     1.82" 
   FIF = 0.25":        1.13"     1.31"     1.48"     1.66"     1.84"     2.01" 
   FIF = 0.50":        1.35"     1.52"     1.69"     1.86"     2.03"     2.20" 

  8.00" F/ 6.00, d2 =  5.00"     6.00"     7.00"     8.00"     9.00"    10.00"   
   FIF = 0.00":        0.83"     1.00"     1.17"     1.33"     1.50"     1.67" 
   FIF = 0.25":        1.06"     1.22"     1.38"     1.54"     1.70"     1.86" 
   FIF = 0.50":        1.28"     1.44"     1.59"     1.75"     1.91"     2.06" 

  8.00" F/ 7.00, d2 =  5.00"     6.00"     7.00"     8.00"     9.00"    10.00"   
   FIF = 0.00":        0.71"     0.86"     1.00"     1.14"     1.29"     1.43" 
   FIF = 0.25":        0.94"     1.08"     1.22"     1.36"     1.50"     1.63" 
   FIF = 0.50":        1.17"     1.30"     1.44"     1.57"     1.71"     1.84" 

  8.00" F/ 8.00, d2 =  5.00"     6.00"     7.00"     8.00"     9.00"    10.00"   
   FIF = 0.00":        0.63"     0.75"     0.88"     1.00"     1.13"     1.25" 
   FIF = 0.25":        0.86"     0.98"     1.10"     1.22"     1.34"     1.46" 
   FIF = 0.50":        1.09"     1.20"     1.32"     1.44"     1.55"     1.67" 

  8.00" F/10.00, d2 =  5.00"     6.00"     7.00"     8.00"     9.00"    10.00"   
   FIF = 0.00":        0.50"     0.60"     0.70"     0.80"     0.90"     1.00" 
   FIF = 0.25":        0.73"     0.83"     0.93"     1.02"     1.12"     1.22" 
   FIF = 0.50":        0.97"     1.06"     1.16"     1.25"     1.34"     1.44" 

  8.00" F/12.00, d2 =  5.00"     6.00"     7.00"     8.00"     9.00"    10.00"   
   FIF = 0.00":        0.42"     0.50"     0.58"     0.67"     0.75"     0.83" 
   FIF = 0.25":        0.65"     0.73"     0.82"     0.90"     0.98"     1.06" 
   FIF = 0.50":        0.89"     0.97"     1.05"     1.13"     1.20"     1.28" 

 10.00" F/ 4.00, d2 =  6.00"     7.00"     8.00"     9.00"    10.00"    11.00"   
   FIF = 0.00":        1.50"     1.75"     2.00"     2.25"     2.50"     2.75" 
   FIF = 0.25":        1.71"     1.96"     2.20"     2.44"     2.69"     2.93" 
   FIF = 0.50":        1.93"     2.16"     2.40"     2.64"     2.88"     3.11" 

 10.00" F/ 4.50, d2 =  6.00"     7.00"     8.00"     9.00"    10.00"    11.00"   
   FIF = 0.00":        1.33"     1.56"     1.78"     2.00"     2.22"     2.44" 
   FIF = 0.25":        1.55"     1.77"     1.98"     2.20"     2.42"     2.63" 
   FIF = 0.50":        1.77"     1.98"     2.19"     2.40"     2.61"     2.82" 

 10.00" F/ 5.00, d2 =  6.00"     7.00"     8.00"     9.00"    10.00"    11.00"   
   FIF = 0.00":        1.20"     1.40"     1.60"     1.80"     2.00"     2.20" 
   FIF = 0.25":        1.42"     1.62"     1.81"     2.00"     2.20"     2.39" 
   FIF = 0.50":        1.64"     1.83"     2.02"     2.21"     2.40"     2.59" 

 10.00" F/ 5.50, d2 =  6.00"     7.00"     8.00"     9.00"    10.00"    11.00"   
   FIF = 0.00":        1.09"     1.27"     1.45"     1.64"     1.82"     2.00" 
   FIF = 0.25":        1.31"     1.49"     1.67"     1.85"     2.02"     2.20" 
   FIF = 0.50":        1.54"     1.71"     1.88"     2.05"     2.23"     2.40" 

 10.00" F/ 6.00, d2 =  6.00"     7.00"     8.00"     9.00"    10.00"    11.00"   
   FIF = 0.00":        1.00"     1.17"     1.33"     1.50"     1.67"     1.83" 
   FIF = 0.25":        1.22"     1.39"     1.55"     1.71"     1.88"     2.04" 
   FIF = 0.50":        1.45"     1.61"     1.77"     1.93"     2.08"     2.24" 

 10.00" F/ 7.00, d2 =  6.00"     7.00"     8.00"     9.00"    10.00"    11.00"   
   FIF = 0.00":        0.86"     1.00"     1.14"     1.29"     1.43"     1.57" 
   FIF = 0.25":        1.09"     1.22"     1.36"     1.50"     1.64"     1.78" 
   FIF = 0.50":        1.31"     1.45"     1.59"     1.72"     1.86"     1.99" 

 10.00" F/ 8.00, d2 =  6.00"     7.00"     8.00"     9.00"    10.00"    11.00"   
   FIF = 0.00":        0.75"     0.88"     1.00"     1.13"     1.25"     1.38" 
   FIF = 0.25":        0.98"     1.10"     1.22"     1.35"     1.47"     1.59" 
   FIF = 0.50":        1.21"     1.33"     1.45"     1.57"     1.69"     1.81" 

 10.00" F/10.00, d2 =  6.00"     7.00"     8.00"     9.00"    10.00"    11.00"   
   FIF = 0.00":        0.60"     0.70"     0.80"     0.90"     1.00"     1.10" 
   FIF = 0.25":        0.83"     0.93"     1.03"     1.13"     1.22"     1.32" 
   FIF = 0.50":        1.07"     1.16"     1.26"     1.36"     1.45"     1.54" 

 10.00" F/12.00, d2 =  6.00"     7.00"     8.00"     9.00"    10.00"    11.00"   
   FIF = 0.00":        0.50"     0.58"     0.67"     0.75"     0.83"     0.92" 
   FIF = 0.25":        0.74"     0.82"     0.90"     0.98"     1.06"     1.14" 
   FIF = 0.50":        0.97"     1.05"     1.13"     1.21"     1.29"     1.37" 

 12.50" F/ 4.00, d2 =  8.25"     9.25"    10.25"    11.25"    12.25"    13.25"   
   FIF = 0.00":        2.06"     2.31"     2.56"     2.81"     3.06"     3.31" 
   FIF = 0.25":        2.27"     2.52"     2.76"     3.01"     3.25"     3.50" 
   FIF = 0.50":        2.48"     2.72"     2.96"     3.20"     3.44"     3.68" 

 12.50" F/ 4.50, d2 =  8.25"     9.25"    10.25"    11.25"    12.25"    13.25"   
   FIF = 0.00":        1.83"     2.06"     2.28"     2.50"     2.72"     2.94" 
   FIF = 0.25":        2.05"     2.26"     2.48"     2.70"     2.92"     3.14" 
   FIF = 0.50":        2.26"     2.47"     2.69"     2.90"     3.11"     3.33" 

 12.50" F/ 5.00, d2 =  8.25"     9.25"    10.25"    11.25"    12.25"    13.25"   
   FIF = 0.00":        1.65"     1.85"     2.05"     2.25"     2.45"     2.65" 
   FIF = 0.25":        1.87"     2.06"     2.26"     2.46"     2.65"     2.85" 
   FIF = 0.50":        2.08"     2.28"     2.47"     2.66"     2.85"     3.04" 

 12.50" F/ 5.50, d2 =  8.25"     9.25"    10.25"    11.25"    12.25"    13.25"   
   FIF = 0.00":        1.50"     1.68"     1.86"     2.05"     2.23"     2.41" 
   FIF = 0.25":        1.72"     1.90"     2.08"     2.25"     2.43"     2.61" 
   FIF = 0.50":        1.94"     2.11"     2.29"     2.46"     2.64"     2.81" 

 12.50" F/ 6.00, d2 =  8.25"     9.25"    10.25"    11.25"    12.25"    13.25"   
   FIF = 0.00":        1.38"     1.54"     1.71"     1.88"     2.04"     2.21" 
   FIF = 0.25":        1.60"     1.76"     1.92"     2.09"     2.25"     2.41" 
   FIF = 0.50":        1.82"     1.98"     2.14"     2.30"     2.46"     2.62" 

 12.50" F/ 7.00, d2 =  8.25"     9.25"    10.25"    11.25"    12.25"    13.25"   
   FIF = 0.00":        1.18"     1.32"     1.46"     1.61"     1.75"     1.89" 
   FIF = 0.25":        1.40"     1.54"     1.68"     1.82"     1.96"     2.10" 
   FIF = 0.50":        1.63"     1.77"     1.91"     2.04"     2.18"     2.32" 

 12.50" F/ 8.00, d2 =  8.25"     9.25"    10.25"    11.25"    12.25"    13.25"   
   FIF = 0.00":        1.03"     1.16"     1.28"     1.41"     1.53"     1.66" 
   FIF = 0.25":        1.26"     1.38"     1.51"     1.63"     1.75"     1.87" 
   FIF = 0.50":        1.49"     1.61"     1.73"     1.85"     1.97"     2.09" 

 12.50" F/10.00, d2 =  8.25"     9.25"    10.25"    11.25"    12.25"    13.25"   
   FIF = 0.00":        0.82"     0.92"     1.02"     1.13"     1.22"     1.32" 
   FIF = 0.25":        1.06"     1.16"     1.25"     1.35"     1.45"     1.55" 
   FIF = 0.50":        1.29"     1.39"     1.48"     1.58"     1.68"     1.77" 

 12.50" F/12.00, d2 =  8.25"     9.25"    10.25"    11.25"    12.25"    13.25"   
   FIF = 0.00":        0.69"     0.77"     0.85"     0.94"     1.02"     1.10" 
   FIF = 0.25":        0.92"     1.01"     1.09"     1.17"     1.25"     1.33" 
   FIF = 0.50":        1.16"     1.24"     1.32"     1.40"     1.48"     1.56" 

Back to my home page....

 13.10" F/ 4.00, d2 =  8.55"     9.55"    10.55"    11.55"    12.55"    13.55"   
   FIF = 0.00":        2.14"     2.39"     2.64"     2.89"     3.14"     3.39" 
   FIF = 0.25":        2.35"     2.59"     2.84"     3.08"     3.33"     3.57" 
   FIF = 0.50":        2.56"     2.80"     3.04"     3.28"     3.52"     3.76" 

 13.10" F/ 4.50, d2 =  8.55"     9.55"    10.55"    11.55"    12.55"    13.55"   
   FIF = 0.00":        1.90"     2.12"     2.34"     2.57"     2.79"     3.01" 
   FIF = 0.25":        2.11"     2.33"     2.55"     2.77"     2.99"     3.20" 
   FIF = 0.50":        2.33"     2.54"     2.75"     2.97"     3.18"     3.40" 

 13.10" F/ 5.00, d2 =  8.55"     9.55"    10.55"    11.55"    12.55"    13.55"   
   FIF = 0.00":        1.71"     1.91"     2.11"     2.31"     2.51"     2.71" 
   FIF = 0.25":        1.93"     2.12"     2.32"     2.52"     2.71"     2.91" 
   FIF = 0.50":        2.14"     2.34"     2.53"     2.72"     2.91"     3.11" 

 13.10" F/ 5.50, d2 =  8.55"     9.55"    10.55"    11.55"    12.55"    13.55"   
   FIF = 0.00":        1.55"     1.74"     1.92"     2.10"     2.28"     2.46" 
   FIF = 0.25":        1.77"     1.95"     2.13"     2.31"     2.49"     2.67" 
   FIF = 0.50":        2.00"     2.17"     2.34"     2.52"     2.69"     2.87" 

 13.10" F/ 6.00, d2 =  8.55"     9.55"    10.55"    11.55"    12.55"    13.55"   
   FIF = 0.00":        1.42"     1.59"     1.76"     1.92"     2.09"     2.26" 
   FIF = 0.25":        1.65"     1.81"     1.97"     2.14"     2.30"     2.47" 
   FIF = 0.50":        1.87"     2.03"     2.19"     2.35"     2.51"     2.67" 

 13.10" F/ 7.00, d2 =  8.55"     9.55"    10.55"    11.55"    12.55"    13.55"   
   FIF = 0.00":        1.22"     1.36"     1.51"     1.65"     1.79"     1.94" 
   FIF = 0.25":        1.45"     1.59"     1.73"     1.87"     2.01"     2.15" 
   FIF = 0.50":        1.67"     1.81"     1.95"     2.09"     2.22"     2.36" 

 13.10" F/ 8.00, d2 =  8.55"     9.55"    10.55"    11.55"    12.55"    13.55"   
   FIF = 0.00":        1.07"     1.19"     1.32"     1.44"     1.57"     1.69" 
   FIF = 0.25":        1.30"     1.42"     1.54"     1.67"     1.79"     1.91" 
   FIF = 0.50":        1.53"     1.65"     1.77"     1.89"     2.01"     2.13" 

 14.20" F/ 4.00, d2 =  9.10"    10.10"    11.10"    12.10"    13.10"    14.10"   
   FIF = 0.00":        2.28"     2.53"     2.78"     3.03"     3.28"     3.53" 
   FIF = 0.25":        2.48"     2.73"     2.98"     3.22"     3.47"     3.71" 
   FIF = 0.50":        2.69"     2.94"     3.18"     3.42"     3.66"     3.90" 

 14.20" F/ 4.50, d2 =  9.10"    10.10"    11.10"    12.10"    13.10"    14.10"   
   FIF = 0.00":        2.02"     2.24"     2.47"     2.69"     2.91"     3.13" 
   FIF = 0.25":        2.24"     2.45"     2.67"     2.89"     3.11"     3.33" 
   FIF = 0.50":        2.45"     2.67"     2.88"     3.09"     3.31"     3.52" 

 14.20" F/ 5.00, d2 =  9.10"    10.10"    11.10"    12.10"    13.10"    14.10"   
   FIF = 0.00":        1.82"     2.02"     2.22"     2.42"     2.62"     2.82" 
   FIF = 0.25":        2.04"     2.23"     2.43"     2.63"     2.82"     3.02" 
   FIF = 0.50":        2.26"     2.45"     2.64"     2.83"     3.03"     3.22" 

 14.20" F/ 5.50, d2 =  9.10"    10.10"    11.10"    12.10"    13.10"    14.10"   
   FIF = 0.00":        1.65"     1.84"     2.02"     2.20"     2.38"     2.56" 
   FIF = 0.25":        1.88"     2.05"     2.23"     2.41"     2.59"     2.77" 
   FIF = 0.50":        2.10"     2.27"     2.45"     2.62"     2.80"     2.97" 

 14.20" F/ 6.00, d2 =  9.10"    10.10"    11.10"    12.10"    13.10"    14.10"   
   FIF = 0.00":        1.52"     1.68"     1.85"     2.02"     2.18"     2.35" 
   FIF = 0.25":        1.74"     1.90"     2.07"     2.23"     2.39"     2.56" 
   FIF = 0.50":        1.96"     2.12"     2.28"     2.45"     2.61"     2.77" 

 14.20" F/ 7.00, d2 =  9.10"    10.10"    11.10"    12.10"    13.10"    14.10"   
   FIF = 0.00":        1.30"     1.44"     1.59"     1.73"     1.87"     2.01" 
   FIF = 0.25":        1.53"     1.67"     1.81"     1.95"     2.09"     2.23" 
   FIF = 0.50":        1.75"     1.89"     2.03"     2.17"     2.31"     2.44" 

 14.20" F/ 8.00, d2 =  9.10"    10.10"    11.10"    12.10"    13.10"    14.10"   
   FIF = 0.00":        1.14"     1.26"     1.39"     1.51"     1.64"     1.76" 
   FIF = 0.25":        1.37"     1.49"     1.61"     1.74"     1.86"     1.98" 
   FIF = 0.50":        1.60"     1.72"     1.84"     1.96"     2.08"     2.20" 

 15.00" F/ 4.00, d2 =  9.50"    10.50"    11.50"    12.50"    13.50"    14.50"   
   FIF = 0.00":        2.38"     2.63"     2.88"     3.13"     3.38"     3.63" 
   FIF = 0.25":        2.59"     2.83"     3.08"     3.32"     3.57"     3.81" 
   FIF = 0.50":        2.80"     3.04"     3.28"     3.52"     3.76"     4.00" 

 15.00" F/ 4.50, d2 =  9.50"    10.50"    11.50"    12.50"    13.50"    14.50"   
   FIF = 0.00":        2.11"     2.33"     2.56"     2.78"     3.00"     3.22" 
   FIF = 0.25":        2.33"     2.54"     2.76"     2.98"     3.20"     3.42" 
   FIF = 0.50":        2.54"     2.76"     2.97"     3.19"     3.40"     3.61" 

 15.00" F/ 5.00, d2 =  9.50"    10.50"    11.50"    12.50"    13.50"    14.50"   
   FIF = 0.00":        1.90"     2.10"     2.30"     2.50"     2.70"     2.90" 
   FIF = 0.25":        2.12"     2.32"     2.51"     2.71"     2.91"     3.10" 
   FIF = 0.50":        2.34"     2.53"     2.72"     2.92"     3.11"     3.30" 

 15.00" F/ 5.50, d2 =  9.50"    10.50"    11.50"    12.50"    13.50"    14.50"   
   FIF = 0.00":        1.73"     1.91"     2.09"     2.27"     2.45"     2.64" 
   FIF = 0.25":        1.95"     2.13"     2.31"     2.48"     2.66"     2.84" 
   FIF = 0.50":        2.17"     2.35"     2.52"     2.70"     2.87"     3.05" 

 15.00" F/ 6.00, d2 =  9.50"    10.50"    11.50"    12.50"    13.50"    14.50"   
   FIF = 0.00":        1.58"     1.75"     1.92"     2.08"     2.25"     2.42" 
   FIF = 0.25":        1.81"     1.97"     2.13"     2.30"     2.46"     2.63" 
   FIF = 0.50":        2.03"     2.19"     2.35"     2.51"     2.67"     2.84" 

 15.00" F/ 7.00, d2 =  9.50"    10.50"    11.50"    12.50"    13.50"    14.50"   
   FIF = 0.00":        1.36"     1.50"     1.64"     1.79"     1.93"     2.07" 
   FIF = 0.25":        1.58"     1.72"     1.87"     2.01"     2.15"     2.29" 
   FIF = 0.50":        1.81"     1.95"     2.09"     2.23"     2.36"     2.50" 

 15.00" F/ 8.00, d2 =  9.50"    10.50"    11.50"    12.50"    13.50"    14.50"   
   FIF = 0.00":        1.19"     1.31"     1.44"     1.56"     1.69"     1.81" 
   FIF = 0.25":        1.42"     1.54"     1.66"     1.79"     1.91"     2.03" 
   FIF = 0.50":        1.65"     1.77"     1.89"     2.01"     2.13"     2.25" 

 16.00" F/ 4.00, d2 = 10.00"    11.00"    12.00"    13.00"    14.00"    15.00"   
   FIF = 0.00":        2.50"     2.75"     3.00"     3.25"     3.50"     3.75" 
   FIF = 0.25":        2.71"     2.96"     3.20"     3.45"     3.70"     3.94" 
   FIF = 0.50":        2.92"     3.16"     3.41"     3.65"     3.89"     4.13" 

 16.00" F/ 4.50, d2 = 10.00"    11.00"    12.00"    13.00"    14.00"    15.00"   
   FIF = 0.00":        2.22"     2.44"     2.67"     2.89"     3.11"     3.33" 
   FIF = 0.25":        2.44"     2.66"     2.88"     3.09"     3.31"     3.53" 
   FIF = 0.50":        2.65"     2.87"     3.08"     3.30"     3.51"     3.73" 

 16.00" F/ 5.00, d2 = 10.00"    11.00"    12.00"    13.00"    14.00"    15.00"   
   FIF = 0.00":        2.00"     2.20"     2.40"     2.60"     2.80"     3.00" 
   FIF = 0.25":        2.22"     2.42"     2.61"     2.81"     3.01"     3.20" 
   FIF = 0.50":        2.44"     2.63"     2.82"     3.02"     3.21"     3.41" 

 16.00" F/ 5.50, d2 = 10.00"    11.00"    12.00"    13.00"    14.00"    15.00"   
   FIF = 0.00":        1.82"     2.00"     2.18"     2.36"     2.55"     2.73" 
   FIF = 0.25":        2.04"     2.22"     2.40"     2.58"     2.76"     2.93" 
   FIF = 0.50":        2.26"     2.44"     2.61"     2.79"     2.97"     3.14" 

 16.00" F/ 6.00, d2 = 10.00"    11.00"    12.00"    13.00"    14.00"    15.00"   
   FIF = 0.00":        1.67"     1.83"     2.00"     2.17"     2.33"     2.50" 
   FIF = 0.25":        1.89"     2.05"     2.22"     2.38"     2.55"     2.71" 
   FIF = 0.50":        2.11"     2.28"     2.44"     2.60"     2.76"     2.92" 

 16.00" F/ 7.00, d2 = 10.00"    11.00"    12.00"    13.00"    14.00"    15.00"   
   FIF = 0.00":        1.43"     1.57"     1.71"     1.86"     2.00"     2.14" 
   FIF = 0.25":        1.66"     1.80"     1.94"     2.08"     2.22"     2.36" 
   FIF = 0.50":        1.88"     2.02"     2.16"     2.30"     2.44"     2.58" 

 16.00" F/ 8.00, d2 = 10.00"    11.00"    12.00"    13.00"    14.00"    15.00"   
   FIF = 0.00":        1.25"     1.38"     1.50"     1.63"     1.75"     1.88" 
   FIF = 0.25":        1.48"     1.60"     1.73"     1.85"     1.97"     2.10" 
   FIF = 0.50":        1.71"     1.83"     1.95"     2.07"     2.20"     2.32" 

Back to my home page....

 17.50" F/ 4.00, d2 = 10.75"    11.75"    12.75"    13.75"    14.75"    15.75"   
   FIF = 0.00":        2.69"     2.94"     3.19"     3.44"     3.69"     3.94" 
   FIF = 0.25":        2.90"     3.15"     3.39"     3.64"     3.88"     4.13" 
   FIF = 0.50":        3.11"     3.35"     3.60"     3.84"     4.08"     4.32" 

 17.50" F/ 4.50, d2 = 10.75"    11.75"    12.75"    13.75"    14.75"    15.75"   
   FIF = 0.00":        2.39"     2.61"     2.83"     3.06"     3.28"     3.50" 
   FIF = 0.25":        2.60"     2.82"     3.04"     3.26"     3.48"     3.70" 
   FIF = 0.50":        2.82"     3.04"     3.25"     3.47"     3.68"     3.90" 

 17.50" F/ 5.00, d2 = 10.75"    11.75"    12.75"    13.75"    14.75"    15.75"   
   FIF = 0.00":        2.15"     2.35"     2.55"     2.75"     2.95"     3.15" 
   FIF = 0.25":        2.37"     2.57"     2.76"     2.96"     3.16"     3.36" 
   FIF = 0.50":        2.59"     2.78"     2.98"     3.17"     3.37"     3.56" 

 17.50" F/ 5.50, d2 = 10.75"    11.75"    12.75"    13.75"    14.75"    15.75"   
   FIF = 0.00":        1.95"     2.14"     2.32"     2.50"     2.68"     2.86" 
   FIF = 0.25":        2.18"     2.36"     2.54"     2.71"     2.89"     3.07" 
   FIF = 0.50":        2.40"     2.58"     2.75"     2.93"     3.11"     3.28" 

 17.50" F/ 6.00, d2 = 10.75"    11.75"    12.75"    13.75"    14.75"    15.75"   
   FIF = 0.00":        1.79"     1.96"     2.13"     2.29"     2.46"     2.63" 
   FIF = 0.25":        2.02"     2.18"     2.34"     2.51"     2.67"     2.84" 
   FIF = 0.50":        2.24"     2.40"     2.56"     2.73"     2.89"     3.05" 

 18.00" F/ 4.00, d2 = 11.00"    12.00"    13.00"    14.00"    15.00"    16.00"   
   FIF = 0.00":        2.75"     3.00"     3.25"     3.50"     3.75"     4.00" 
   FIF = 0.25":        2.96"     3.21"     3.45"     3.70"     3.95"     4.19" 
   FIF = 0.50":        3.17"     3.42"     3.66"     3.90"     4.15"     4.39" 

 18.00" F/ 4.50, d2 = 11.00"    12.00"    13.00"    14.00"    15.00"    16.00"   
   FIF = 0.00":        2.44"     2.67"     2.89"     3.11"     3.33"     3.56" 
   FIF = 0.25":        2.66"     2.88"     3.10"     3.32"     3.54"     3.76" 
   FIF = 0.50":        2.88"     3.09"     3.31"     3.52"     3.74"     3.96" 

 18.00" F/ 5.00, d2 = 11.00"    12.00"    13.00"    14.00"    15.00"    16.00"   
   FIF = 0.00":        2.20"     2.40"     2.60"     2.80"     3.00"     3.20" 
   FIF = 0.25":        2.42"     2.62"     2.81"     3.01"     3.21"     3.41" 
   FIF = 0.50":        2.64"     2.83"     3.03"     3.22"     3.42"     3.61" 

 18.00" F/ 5.50, d2 = 11.00"    12.00"    13.00"    14.00"    15.00"    16.00"   
   FIF = 0.00":        2.00"     2.18"     2.36"     2.55"     2.73"     2.91" 
   FIF = 0.25":        2.22"     2.40"     2.58"     2.76"     2.94"     3.12" 
   FIF = 0.50":        2.44"     2.62"     2.80"     2.97"     3.15"     3.33" 

 18.00" F/ 6.00, d2 = 11.00"    12.00"    13.00"    14.00"    15.00"    16.00"   
   FIF = 0.00":        1.83"     2.00"     2.17"     2.33"     2.50"     2.67" 
   FIF = 0.25":        2.06"     2.22"     2.39"     2.55"     2.72"     2.88" 
   FIF = 0.50":        2.28"     2.44"     2.61"     2.77"     2.93"     3.09" 

 20.00" F/ 3.50, d2 = 12.00"    13.00"    14.00"    15.00"    16.00"    17.00"   
   FIF = 0.00":        3.43"     3.71"     4.00"     4.29"     4.57"     4.86" 
   FIF = 0.25":        3.64"     3.92"     4.20"     4.48"     4.76"     5.05" 
   FIF = 0.50":        3.84"     4.12"     4.40"     4.68"     4.96"     5.24" 

 20.00" F/ 4.00, d2 = 12.00"    13.00"    14.00"    15.00"    16.00"    17.00"   
   FIF = 0.00":        3.00"     3.25"     3.50"     3.75"     4.00"     4.25" 
   FIF = 0.25":        3.21"     3.46"     3.71"     3.95"     4.20"     4.45" 
   FIF = 0.50":        3.43"     3.67"     3.91"     4.16"     4.40"     4.64" 

 20.00" F/ 4.50, d2 = 12.00"    13.00"    14.00"    15.00"    16.00"    17.00"   
   FIF = 0.00":        2.67"     2.89"     3.11"     3.33"     3.56"     3.78" 
   FIF = 0.25":        2.88"     3.10"     3.32"     3.54"     3.76"     3.98" 
   FIF = 0.50":        3.10"     3.32"     3.53"     3.75"     3.97"     4.18" 

 20.00" F/ 5.00, d2 = 12.00"    13.00"    14.00"    15.00"    16.00"    17.00"   
   FIF = 0.00":        2.40"     2.60"     2.80"     3.00"     3.20"     3.40" 
   FIF = 0.25":        2.62"     2.82"     3.02"     3.21"     3.41"     3.61" 
   FIF = 0.50":        2.84"     3.04"     3.23"     3.43"     3.62"     3.81" 

 20.00" F/ 5.50, d2 = 12.00"    13.00"    14.00"    15.00"    16.00"    17.00"   
   FIF = 0.00":        2.18"     2.36"     2.55"     2.73"     2.91"     3.09" 
   FIF = 0.25":        2.40"     2.58"     2.76"     2.94"     3.12"     3.30" 
   FIF = 0.50":        2.63"     2.80"     2.98"     3.16"     3.34"     3.51" 

 20.00" F/ 6.00, d2 = 12.00"    13.00"    14.00"    15.00"    16.00"    17.00"   
   FIF = 0.00":        2.00"     2.17"     2.33"     2.50"     2.67"     2.83" 
   FIF = 0.25":        2.23"     2.39"     2.55"     2.72"     2.88"     3.05" 
   FIF = 0.50":        2.45"     2.61"     2.77"     2.94"     3.10"     3.26" 

 22.00" F/ 3.50, d2 = 13.00"    14.00"    15.00"    16.00"    17.00"    18.00"   
   FIF = 0.00":        3.71"     4.00"     4.29"     4.57"     4.86"     5.14" 
   FIF = 0.25":        3.92"     4.20"     4.49"     4.77"     5.05"     5.33" 
   FIF = 0.50":        4.13"     4.41"     4.69"     4.97"     5.25"     5.53" 

 22.00" F/ 4.00, d2 = 13.00"    14.00"    15.00"    16.00"    17.00"    18.00"   
   FIF = 0.00":        3.25"     3.50"     3.75"     4.00"     4.25"     4.50" 
   FIF = 0.25":        3.46"     3.71"     3.96"     4.20"     4.45"     4.70" 
   FIF = 0.50":        3.68"     3.92"     4.16"     4.41"     4.65"     4.90" 

 22.00" F/ 4.50, d2 = 13.00"    14.00"    15.00"    16.00"    17.00"    18.00"   
   FIF = 0.00":        2.89"     3.11"     3.33"     3.56"     3.78"     4.00" 
   FIF = 0.25":        3.11"     3.33"     3.55"     3.77"     3.98"     4.20" 
   FIF = 0.50":        3.32"     3.54"     3.76"     3.97"     4.19"     4.41" 

 22.00" F/ 5.00, d2 = 13.00"    14.00"    15.00"    16.00"    17.00"    18.00"   
   FIF = 0.00":        2.60"     2.80"     3.00"     3.20"     3.40"     3.60" 
   FIF = 0.25":        2.82"     3.02"     3.22"     3.41"     3.61"     3.81" 
   FIF = 0.50":        3.04"     3.24"     3.43"     3.63"     3.82"     4.02" 

 22.00" F/ 5.50, d2 = 13.00"    14.00"    15.00"    16.00"    17.00"    18.00"   
   FIF = 0.00":        2.36"     2.55"     2.73"     2.91"     3.09"     3.27" 
   FIF = 0.25":        2.59"     2.77"     2.95"     3.13"     3.31"     3.49" 
   FIF = 0.50":        2.81"     2.99"     3.17"     3.34"     3.52"     3.70" 

 22.00" F/ 6.00, d2 = 13.00"    14.00"    15.00"    16.00"    17.00"    18.00"   
   FIF = 0.00":        2.17"     2.33"     2.50"     2.67"     2.83"     3.00" 
   FIF = 0.25":        2.39"     2.56"     2.72"     2.89"     3.05"     3.22" 
   FIF = 0.50":        2.62"     2.78"     2.94"     3.11"     3.27"     3.43" 

Back to my home page....

 24.00" F/ 3.50, d2 = 14.00"    15.00"    16.00"    17.00"    18.00"    19.00"   
   FIF = 0.00":        4.00"     4.29"     4.57"     4.86"     5.14"     5.43" 
   FIF = 0.25":        4.21"     4.49"     4.77"     5.06"     5.34"     5.62" 
   FIF = 0.50":        4.42"     4.70"     4.98"     5.26"     5.54"     5.82" 

 24.00" F/ 4.00, d2 = 14.00"    15.00"    16.00"    17.00"    18.00"    19.00"   
   FIF = 0.00":        3.50"     3.75"     4.00"     4.25"     4.50"     4.75" 
   FIF = 0.25":        3.71"     3.96"     4.21"     4.46"     4.70"     4.95" 
   FIF = 0.50":        3.93"     4.17"     4.42"     4.66"     4.91"     5.15" 

 24.00" F/ 4.50, d2 = 14.00"    15.00"    16.00"    17.00"    18.00"    19.00"   
   FIF = 0.00":        3.11"     3.33"     3.56"     3.78"     4.00"     4.22" 
   FIF = 0.25":        3.33"     3.55"     3.77"     3.99"     4.21"     4.43" 
   FIF = 0.50":        3.55"     3.76"     3.98"     4.20"     4.42"     4.63" 

 24.00" F/ 5.00, d2 = 14.00"    15.00"    16.00"    17.00"    18.00"    19.00"   
   FIF = 0.00":        2.80"     3.00"     3.20"     3.40"     3.60"     3.80" 
   FIF = 0.25":        3.02"     3.22"     3.42"     3.61"     3.81"     4.01" 
   FIF = 0.50":        3.24"     3.44"     3.63"     3.83"     4.02"     4.22" 

 24.00" F/ 5.50, d2 = 14.00"    15.00"    16.00"    17.00"    18.00"    19.00"   
   FIF = 0.00":        2.55"     2.73"     2.91"     3.09"     3.27"     3.45" 
   FIF = 0.25":        2.77"     2.95"     3.13"     3.31"     3.49"     3.67" 
   FIF = 0.50":        2.99"     3.17"     3.35"     3.53"     3.70"     3.88" 

 24.00" F/ 6.00, d2 = 14.00"    15.00"    16.00"    17.00"    18.00"    19.00"   
   FIF = 0.00":        2.33"     2.50"     2.67"     2.83"     3.00"     3.17" 
   FIF = 0.25":        2.56"     2.72"     2.89"     3.05"     3.22"     3.38" 
   FIF = 0.50":        2.78"     2.95"     3.11"     3.27"     3.44"     3.60" 

 25.00" F/ 3.50, d2 = 14.50"    15.50"    16.50"    17.50"    18.50"    19.50"   
   FIF = 0.00":        4.14"     4.43"     4.71"     5.00"     5.29"     5.57" 
   FIF = 0.25":        4.35"     4.63"     4.92"     5.20"     5.48"     5.77" 
   FIF = 0.50":        4.56"     4.84"     5.12"     5.40"     5.68"     5.96" 

 25.00" F/ 4.00, d2 = 14.50"    15.50"    16.50"    17.50"    18.50"    19.50"   
   FIF = 0.00":        3.63"     3.88"     4.13"     4.38"     4.63"     4.88" 
   FIF = 0.25":        3.84"     4.09"     4.33"     4.58"     4.83"     5.08" 
   FIF = 0.50":        4.05"     4.30"     4.54"     4.79"     5.03"     5.28" 

 25.00" F/ 4.50, d2 = 14.50"    15.50"    16.50"    17.50"    18.50"    19.50"   
   FIF = 0.00":        3.22"     3.44"     3.67"     3.89"     4.11"     4.33" 
   FIF = 0.25":        3.44"     3.66"     3.88"     4.10"     4.32"     4.54" 
   FIF = 0.50":        3.66"     3.88"     4.09"     4.31"     4.53"     4.75" 

 25.00" F/ 5.00, d2 = 14.50"    15.50"    16.50"    17.50"    18.50"    19.50"   
   FIF = 0.00":        2.90"     3.10"     3.30"     3.50"     3.70"     3.90" 
   FIF = 0.25":        3.12"     3.32"     3.52"     3.71"     3.91"     4.11" 
   FIF = 0.50":        3.34"     3.54"     3.73"     3.93"     4.13"     4.32" 

 25.00" F/ 5.50, d2 = 14.50"    15.50"    16.50"    17.50"    18.50"    19.50"   
   FIF = 0.00":        2.64"     2.82"     3.00"     3.18"     3.36"     3.55" 
   FIF = 0.25":        2.86"     3.04"     3.22"     3.40"     3.58"     3.76" 
   FIF = 0.50":        3.08"     3.26"     3.44"     3.62"     3.80"     3.97" 

 25.00" F/ 6.00, d2 = 14.50"    15.50"    16.50"    17.50"    18.50"    19.50"   
   FIF = 0.00":        2.42"     2.58"     2.75"     2.92"     3.08"     3.25" 
   FIF = 0.25":        2.64"     2.81"     2.97"     3.14"     3.30"     3.47" 
   FIF = 0.50":        2.87"     3.03"     3.20"     3.36"     3.52"     3.68" 

 28.00" F/ 3.50, d2 = 16.00"    17.00"    18.00"    19.00"    20.00"    21.00"   
   FIF = 0.00":        4.57"     4.86"     5.14"     5.43"     5.71"     6.00" 
   FIF = 0.25":        4.78"     5.06"     5.35"     5.63"     5.91"     6.20" 
   FIF = 0.50":        4.99"     5.27"     5.55"     5.83"     6.11"     6.39" 

 28.00" F/ 4.00, d2 = 16.00"    17.00"    18.00"    19.00"    20.00"    21.00"   
   FIF = 0.00":        4.00"     4.25"     4.50"     4.75"     5.00"     5.25" 
   FIF = 0.25":        4.21"     4.46"     4.71"     4.96"     5.21"     5.45" 
   FIF = 0.50":        4.43"     4.67"     4.92"     5.17"     5.41"     5.66" 

 28.00" F/ 4.50, d2 = 16.00"    17.00"    18.00"    19.00"    20.00"    21.00"   
   FIF = 0.00":        3.56"     3.78"     4.00"     4.22"     4.44"     4.67" 
   FIF = 0.25":        3.77"     3.99"     4.21"     4.43"     4.65"     4.88" 
   FIF = 0.50":        3.99"     4.21"     4.43"     4.65"     4.87"     5.08" 

 28.00" F/ 5.00, d2 = 16.00"    17.00"    18.00"    19.00"    20.00"    21.00"   
   FIF = 0.00":        3.20"     3.40"     3.60"     3.80"     4.00"     4.20" 
   FIF = 0.25":        3.42"     3.62"     3.82"     4.02"     4.21"     4.41" 
   FIF = 0.50":        3.64"     3.84"     4.04"     4.23"     4.43"     4.63" 

 28.00" F/ 5.50, d2 = 16.00"    17.00"    18.00"    19.00"    20.00"    21.00"   
   FIF = 0.00":        2.91"     3.09"     3.27"     3.45"     3.64"     3.82" 
   FIF = 0.25":        3.13"     3.31"     3.49"     3.67"     3.85"     4.03" 
   FIF = 0.50":        3.36"     3.54"     3.71"     3.89"     4.07"     4.25" 

 28.00" F/ 6.00, d2 = 16.00"    17.00"    18.00"    19.00"    20.00"    21.00"   
   FIF = 0.00":        2.67"     2.83"     3.00"     3.17"     3.33"     3.50" 
   FIF = 0.25":        2.89"     3.06"     3.22"     3.39"     3.55"     3.72" 
   FIF = 0.50":        3.12"     3.28"     3.45"     3.61"     3.77"     3.94" 

 30.00" F/ 3.50, d2 = 18.00"    19.00"    20.00"    21.00"    22.00"    23.00"   
   FIF = 0.00":        5.14"     5.43"     5.71"     6.00"     6.29"     6.57" 
   FIF = 0.25":        5.35"     5.63"     5.92"     6.20"     6.48"     6.77" 
   FIF = 0.50":        5.56"     5.84"     6.12"     6.40"     6.68"     6.96" 

 30.00" F/ 4.00, d2 = 18.00"    19.00"    20.00"    21.00"    22.00"    23.00"   
   FIF = 0.00":        4.50"     4.75"     5.00"     5.25"     5.50"     5.75" 
   FIF = 0.25":        4.71"     4.96"     5.21"     5.46"     5.70"     5.95" 
   FIF = 0.50":        4.93"     5.17"     5.42"     5.66"     5.91"     6.15" 

 30.00" F/ 4.50, d2 = 18.00"    19.00"    20.00"    21.00"    22.00"    23.00"   
   FIF = 0.00":        4.00"     4.22"     4.44"     4.67"     4.89"     5.11" 
   FIF = 0.25":        4.22"     4.44"     4.66"     4.88"     5.10"     5.32" 
   FIF = 0.50":        4.43"     4.65"     4.87"     5.09"     5.31"     5.53" 

 30.00" F/ 5.00, d2 = 18.00"    19.00"    20.00"    21.00"    22.00"    23.00"   
   FIF = 0.00":        3.60"     3.80"     4.00"     4.20"     4.40"     4.60" 
   FIF = 0.25":        3.82"     4.02"     4.22"     4.41"     4.61"     4.81" 
   FIF = 0.50":        4.04"     4.24"     4.43"     4.63"     4.83"     5.02" 

 30.00" F/ 5.50, d2 = 18.00"    19.00"    20.00"    21.00"    22.00"    23.00"   
   FIF = 0.00":        3.27"     3.45"     3.64"     3.82"     4.00"     4.18" 
   FIF = 0.25":        3.50"     3.68"     3.86"     4.04"     4.22"     4.40" 
   FIF = 0.50":        3.72"     3.90"     4.08"     4.25"     4.43"     4.61" 

 30.00" F/ 6.00, d2 = 18.00"    19.00"    20.00"    21.00"    22.00"    23.00"   
   FIF = 0.00":        3.00"     3.17"     3.33"     3.50"     3.67"     3.83" 
   FIF = 0.25":        3.23"     3.39"     3.56"     3.72"     3.89"     4.05" 
   FIF = 0.50":        3.45"     3.61"     3.78"     3.94"     4.11"     4.27" 

Back to my home page....

 32.00" F/ 3.50, d2 = 19.00"    20.00"    21.00"    22.00"    23.00"    24.00"   
   FIF = 0.00":        5.43"     5.71"     6.00"     6.29"     6.57"     6.86" 
   FIF = 0.25":        5.64"     5.92"     6.20"     6.49"     6.77"     7.05" 
   FIF = 0.50":        5.84"     6.13"     6.41"     6.69"     6.97"     7.25" 

 32.00" F/ 4.00, d2 = 19.00"    20.00"    21.00"    22.00"    23.00"    24.00"   
   FIF = 0.00":        4.75"     5.00"     5.25"     5.50"     5.75"     6.00" 
   FIF = 0.25":        4.96"     5.21"     5.46"     5.71"     5.96"     6.20" 
   FIF = 0.50":        5.18"     5.42"     5.67"     5.91"     6.16"     6.41" 

 32.00" F/ 4.50, d2 = 19.00"    20.00"    21.00"    22.00"    23.00"    24.00"   
   FIF = 0.00":        4.22"     4.44"     4.67"     4.89"     5.11"     5.33" 
   FIF = 0.25":        4.44"     4.66"     4.88"     5.10"     5.32"     5.54" 
   FIF = 0.50":        4.66"     4.88"     5.09"     5.31"     5.53"     5.75" 

 32.00" F/ 5.00, d2 = 19.00"    20.00"    21.00"    22.00"    23.00"    24.00"   
   FIF = 0.00":        3.80"     4.00"     4.20"     4.40"     4.60"     4.80" 
   FIF = 0.25":        4.02"     4.22"     4.42"     4.62"     4.81"     5.01" 
   FIF = 0.50":        4.24"     4.44"     4.63"     4.83"     5.03"     5.23" 

 32.00" F/ 5.50, d2 = 19.00"    20.00"    21.00"    22.00"    23.00"    24.00"   
   FIF = 0.00":        3.45"     3.64"     3.82"     4.00"     4.18"     4.36" 
   FIF = 0.25":        3.68"     3.86"     4.04"     4.22"     4.40"     4.58" 
   FIF = 0.50":        3.90"     4.08"     4.26"     4.44"     4.62"     4.80" 

 32.00" F/ 6.00, d2 = 19.00"    20.00"    21.00"    22.00"    23.00"    24.00"   
   FIF = 0.00":        3.17"     3.33"     3.50"     3.67"     3.83"     4.00" 
   FIF = 0.25":        3.39"     3.56"     3.72"     3.89"     4.05"     4.22" 
   FIF = 0.50":        3.62"     3.78"     3.95"     4.11"     4.27"     4.44" 

 36.00" F/ 3.50, d2 = 21.00"    22.00"    23.00"    24.00"    25.00"    26.00"   
   FIF = 0.00":        6.00"     6.29"     6.57"     6.86"     7.14"     7.43" 
   FIF = 0.25":        6.21"     6.49"     6.78"     7.06"     7.34"     7.63" 
   FIF = 0.50":        6.42"     6.70"     6.98"     7.26"     7.54"     7.83" 

 36.00" F/ 4.00, d2 = 21.00"    22.00"    23.00"    24.00"    25.00"    26.00"   
   FIF = 0.00":        5.25"     5.50"     5.75"     6.00"     6.25"     6.50" 
   FIF = 0.25":        5.46"     5.71"     5.96"     6.21"     6.46"     6.70" 
   FIF = 0.50":        5.68"     5.92"     6.17"     6.42"     6.66"     6.91" 

 36.00" F/ 4.50, d2 = 21.00"    22.00"    23.00"    24.00"    25.00"    26.00"   
   FIF = 0.00":        4.67"     4.89"     5.11"     5.33"     5.56"     5.78" 
   FIF = 0.25":        4.88"     5.10"     5.33"     5.55"     5.77"     5.99" 
   FIF = 0.50":        5.10"     5.32"     5.54"     5.76"     5.98"     6.20" 

 36.00" F/ 5.00, d2 = 21.00"    22.00"    23.00"    24.00"    25.00"    26.00"   
   FIF = 0.00":        4.20"     4.40"     4.60"     4.80"     5.00"     5.20" 
   FIF = 0.25":        4.42"     4.62"     4.82"     5.02"     5.22"     5.41" 
   FIF = 0.50":        4.64"     4.84"     5.04"     5.23"     5.43"     5.63" 

 36.00" F/ 5.50, d2 = 21.00"    22.00"    23.00"    24.00"    25.00"    26.00"   
   FIF = 0.00":        3.82"     4.00"     4.18"     4.36"     4.55"     4.73" 
   FIF = 0.25":        4.04"     4.22"     4.40"     4.58"     4.76"     4.94" 
   FIF = 0.50":        4.27"     4.44"     4.62"     4.80"     4.98"     5.16" 

 36.00" F/ 6.00, d2 = 21.00"    22.00"    23.00"    24.00"    25.00"    26.00"   
   FIF = 0.00":        3.50"     3.67"     3.83"     4.00"     4.17"     4.33" 
   FIF = 0.25":        3.73"     3.89"     4.06"     4.22"     4.39"     4.55" 
   FIF = 0.50":        3.95"     4.12"     4.28"     4.44"     4.61"     4.77" 

 39.00" F/ 3.50, d2 = 22.50"    23.50"    24.50"    25.50"    26.50"    27.50"   
   FIF = 0.00":        6.43"     6.71"     7.00"     7.29"     7.57"     7.86" 
   FIF = 0.25":        6.64"     6.92"     7.21"     7.49"     7.77"     8.06" 
   FIF = 0.50":        6.85"     7.13"     7.41"     7.69"     7.97"     8.26" 

 39.00" F/ 4.00, d2 = 22.50"    23.50"    24.50"    25.50"    26.50"    27.50"   
   FIF = 0.00":        5.63"     5.88"     6.13"     6.38"     6.63"     6.88" 
   FIF = 0.25":        5.84"     6.09"     6.34"     6.58"     6.83"     7.08" 
   FIF = 0.50":        6.05"     6.30"     6.55"     6.79"     7.04"     7.29" 

 39.00" F/ 4.50, d2 = 22.50"    23.50"    24.50"    25.50"    26.50"    27.50"   
   FIF = 0.00":        5.00"     5.22"     5.44"     5.67"     5.89"     6.11" 
   FIF = 0.25":        5.22"     5.44"     5.66"     5.88"     6.10"     6.32" 
   FIF = 0.50":        5.44"     5.66"     5.87"     6.09"     6.31"     6.53" 

 39.00" F/ 5.00, d2 = 22.50"    23.50"    24.50"    25.50"    26.50"    27.50"   
   FIF = 0.00":        4.50"     4.70"     4.90"     5.10"     5.30"     5.50" 
   FIF = 0.25":        4.72"     4.92"     5.12"     5.32"     5.52"     5.71" 
   FIF = 0.50":        4.94"     5.14"     5.34"     5.53"     5.73"     5.93" 

 43.00" F/ 3.50, d2 = 24.50"    25.50"    26.50"    27.50"    28.50"    29.50"   
   FIF = 0.00":        7.00"     7.29"     7.57"     7.86"     8.14"     8.43" 
   FIF = 0.25":        7.21"     7.49"     7.78"     8.06"     8.35"     8.63" 
   FIF = 0.50":        7.42"     7.70"     7.98"     8.27"     8.55"     8.83" 

 43.00" F/ 4.00, d2 = 24.50"    25.50"    26.50"    27.50"    28.50"    29.50"   
   FIF = 0.00":        6.13"     6.38"     6.63"     6.88"     7.13"     7.38" 
   FIF = 0.25":        6.34"     6.59"     6.84"     7.09"     7.33"     7.58" 
   FIF = 0.50":        6.55"     6.80"     7.05"     7.30"     7.54"     7.79" 

 43.00" F/ 4.50, d2 = 24.50"    25.50"    26.50"    27.50"    28.50"    29.50"   
   FIF = 0.00":        5.44"     5.67"     5.89"     6.11"     6.33"     6.56" 
   FIF = 0.25":        5.66"     5.88"     6.10"     6.33"     6.55"     6.77" 
   FIF = 0.50":        5.88"     6.10"     6.32"     6.54"     6.76"     6.98" 

 43.00" F/ 5.00, d2 = 24.50"    25.50"    26.50"    27.50"    28.50"    29.50"   
   FIF = 0.00":        4.90"     5.10"     5.30"     5.50"     5.70"     5.90" 
   FIF = 0.25":        5.12"     5.32"     5.52"     5.72"     5.92"     6.12" 
   FIF = 0.50":        5.34"     5.54"     5.74"     5.94"     6.13"     6.33" 

 48.00" F/ 3.50, d2 = 27.00"    28.00"    29.00"    30.00"    31.00"    32.00"   
   FIF = 0.00":        7.71"     8.00"     8.29"     8.57"     8.86"     9.14" 
   FIF = 0.25":        7.92"     8.21"     8.49"     8.78"     9.06"     9.35" 
   FIF = 0.50":        8.13"     8.42"     8.70"     8.98"     9.26"     9.55" 

 48.00" F/ 4.00, d2 = 27.00"    28.00"    29.00"    30.00"    31.00"    32.00"   
   FIF = 0.00":        6.75"     7.00"     7.25"     7.50"     7.75"     8.00" 
   FIF = 0.25":        6.96"     7.21"     7.46"     7.71"     7.96"     8.21" 
   FIF = 0.50":        7.18"     7.43"     7.67"     7.92"     8.17"     8.42" 

 48.00" F/ 4.50, d2 = 27.00"    28.00"    29.00"    30.00"    31.00"    32.00"   
   FIF = 0.00":        6.00"     6.22"     6.44"     6.67"     6.89"     7.11" 
   FIF = 0.25":        6.22"     6.44"     6.66"     6.88"     7.10"     7.32" 
   FIF = 0.50":        6.44"     6.66"     6.88"     7.10"     7.32"     7.54" 

 48.00" F/ 5.00, d2 = 27.00"    28.00"    29.00"    30.00"    31.00"    32.00"   
   FIF = 0.00":        5.40"     5.60"     5.80"     6.00"     6.20"     6.40" 
   FIF = 0.25":        5.62"     5.82"     6.02"     6.22"     6.42"     6.62" 
   FIF = 0.50":        5.84"     6.04"     6.24"     6.44"     6.64"     6.83" 

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