Grinding machine with driven overarm

Over the summer of 2005, I modified the small grinding machine to have a driven overarm, and it is geared down from the turntable drive by about 14.5:1.  This is similar to the mirror-o-matic machines, but it is built with good quality bearings and there is little slop in the machine (and none in the turntable).

The machine was refitted with a new turntable, a 14"-diameter aluminum disk 1" thick.  This provides an extremely flat surface for mirrors to sit on, and it is quite true to the 1" turntable shaft.  This helps reduce potential problems.  This machine has the capacity to grind and polish up to 13" mirrors, maybe even 14".  As this is written, I am working on two thin 13" mirrors, old Coulter blanks, one plate, one Pyrex.

I also geared down the turntable so it only runs at about 75 RPM at its fastest.  Here is a large (17 MB - BEWARE) video of the machine in action, polishing a 13.1" mirror at about 50 RPM (turntable speed).  This is a "rough polish", or a polishing process to remove pits.  The mirror, being quite thin, is rotated on the turntable every 20 minutes or so.  The surface is kept quite wet with Cerium, as any drying could lead to seizing and disaster.  Note the very slow side-to side movement of the overarm.

Small Grinding Machine (before driven overarm)

Well, I decided to work on two classical Cassegrains recently (Sept. 2004).  The first Cassegrain belongs to the Champaign-Urbana Astronomical Society, and was completed back in 1992.  It was necessary to make a new secondary, which is 5" in diameter.  The other Cassegrain is my own, and Mike Conron gave me the primary (12.5" F/4.2) after I supervised the figuring of the 30" F/3.8 primary.  This one needed a new secondary, as I wanted F/12.5.  This would be 4" in diameter.  (I'll have a page for this scope later on.)

So, to speed up the grinding process and make it enjoyable, I built my first machine, which is basically a variable speed turntable or spindle, as shown below.  Here's a picture of the top of the machine, showing some blanks ready for grinding, and a view showing the motor in its mount.  Perhaps the most important feature is the ability for me to sit with my legs under the machine, on either side of the motor housing.  I can sit and grind and watch TV for hours with no fatigue.  This machine is intended for hand grinding and figuring of mirrors 12" in diameter and under.  I will add a manual overarm at some point when I need it.

MachineMotor view

The red tub is an animal water/food dish obtained at Farm & Fleet for <$4.  It's heavy plastic.  A hole was cut in the bottom to accommodate the flange bearing that the turntable shaft goes through.  The cylindrical plastic portion of a 100-CD package was glued to the bottom with aquarium cememt, preventing any liquid or grit from getting to the bearing.  When the turntable is removed, the tub can be lifted out and rinsed.

The motor is a 1/3 HP Baldor DC, with 10:1 gear reduction.  Output is 175 RPM at 90 VDC.  The motor/reducer is shown below hooked up to my homemade speed control, which consists of an on/off switch and indicator light, a 5A variac, a 10A full-bridge recrifier, and a DPDT swittch (for reversing).  It's all housed in a plastic 6"x6" weatherproof enclosure.  Total cost for the controller was $20, and the motor was Ebayed (new) for $60 shipped.  Speed is variable from 0 to 175+ RPM simply by turning the knob.

Motor control

The motor turns the turntable shaft, and they are linked by a belt.  The main shaft is shown below, in the upside-down housing.  A flange bearing is on the top of the housing (under the plywood, out of sight).  The pulley is just below the plywood, followed by a pillow block bearing, a locking collar, and a thrust bearing to handle any vertical loads.  The motor is bolted into its wooden mounting with some angle iron, and is kept from tipping by inserting a block of wood.  This assembly slides into the housing at left, with the pulley lined up with the pulley on the turntable shaft.  The motor mount can slide on some aluminum (seen behind the motor mount) to adjust belt tension, and is locked in place by tightening some knobs (I need to get a picture of that).

ShaftMotor mount

Lastly, the top of the machine is a braced countertop.  The motor and shaft in the housing are simply screwed to it.  Here's a picture of the bracing being glued to the countertop.

Top

Overall, the machine works very well.  I have been fine grinding with the part beneath turning at 120 RPM and even a bit more.  One only needs to be careful when trying to change the ROC with 25 micron abrasive, as the asphericity generated can make the pieces grab a bit.  Also, adding abrasive slurry should be done at a slower speed, as this may also cause the parts to grab for a short time.  You can bring the speed back up after the abrasive is distributed uniformly.  Grinding goes quite quickly at these speeds, and you can really hear the high-pitched whine of the abrasive (usually MicroGrit) scraping away the pits.  About an hour at 25 micron (after 220 grit) is providing a wonderfully ground surface free of larger pits.  12 and 5 micron should take less time.

Pictures of the progress on the Cassegrain secondaries can be seen here.

A manual overarm was added to the machine, to make polishing even easier.  Here are pictures of the post for the overarm and the entire assembly, ready for grinding/polishing.

PostArm

Finally, here is a closeup of the hinge assembly and the offset adjustment knob, which when loosened allows the square aluminum tubing to slide in an out of the wooden assembly by about 4 inches.  This allows offset adjustment.  Later on I'll drill other holes in the tubing to allow the point to be moved, thus allowing even a greater range of adjustment of the offset.  The last photo is the arm in the raised position.

Arm closeupArm up


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